Oculography
The scientific measurement of nystagmus and other eye movement

Neuro-ophthalmologist eye science

"Binocular infrared three dimensional videooculography

From the research paper: R Becker, T H Krzizok, H Wassill. Use of preoperative assessment of positionally induced cyclotorsion: a video-oculographic study. Br J Ophthalmol 2004;88:417–421.

"For recording eye positions, the method of three dimensional infrared video-oculography (3D-VOG) was used. The patient had to put on a mask, which is similar to a diving mask, as shown in figure 1. In order to obtain a stable position, a chin rest together with a bite bar was used. The device is formed of two high resolution video cameras and 3 infrared LED sources in a pair of goggles and a computer with especially designed video cards....The position of the eyes is analyzed in three dimensions. This is performed for the calculation of horizontal and vertical position movements and deviations by the ‘‘black pupil technique’’—that is, by infrared measurement and localization of the individually calibrated pupil. The difference in horizontal and vertical position between both eyes gives the angle of deviation, and the graph of these positions, measured all 0.02 seconds, leads to the horizontal and vertical eye movements.

"....Illumination of each eye was provided by three infrared LED sources with a wavelength of 920 nm (intensity ,1 mW/ cm2). Torsional movements were sampled with a frequency of 50 Hz. A measurement was taken every 0.02 seconds. Thus, 3000 measurements for both torsion of the right and left eye (cycloposition) could be obtained during a measurement of 1 minute."

 

NHTSA eye science

"Nystagmus device"
Early NHTSA eye science was done with the home made "nystagmus device," shown in this figure [Tharp, Burns, and Moskowitz. Development and Field Test of Psychological Tests for DWI Arrests. NHTSA, U.S. Department of Transportation. DOT Report HS-805-864. 1981, page 6, Figure 1] but, other than the figure caption "Angles are printed on the front of the device for easier reading," not described in the report.

The device seems to be, basically, a piece of cardboard with a protractor glued to it.

Notice that the geometry is centered in the midline, somewhere in front of the chin! With this setup the angle measurements are wrong. Depending on undisclosed dimensions, a gaze-angle read as 40 might actually have been 30 degrees.

Man with a pen
In later NHTSA eye science, eye position is "measured" by a guy waving a pen around.

The 1981 lab experiment proved officers waving a pen are unable to reproduce the angles measured by the Nystagmus Device.

Here, from Baloh RW, Furman JMR: Modern vestibular function testing. West J Med 1989 Jan; 150:59-67, is a list of available scientific eye movement recording techniques.

Protractor glued to cardboard, and guy waving pen are not listed.

 

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