Oculography The scientific measurement of nystagmus
and other eye movement
Neuro-ophthalmologist
eye science
"Binocular
infrared three dimensional videooculography
From
the research paper: R Becker, T H Krzizok, H Wassill. Use
of preoperative assessment of positionally induced cyclotorsion:
a video-oculographic study. Br J Ophthalmol 2004;88:417–421.
"For recording eye positions,
the method of three dimensional infrared video-oculography
(3D-VOG) was used. The patient had to put on a mask, which
is similar to a diving mask, as shown in figure 1. In
order to obtain a stable position, a chin rest together
with a bite bar was used. The device is formed of two
high resolution video cameras and 3 infrared
LED sources in a pair of goggles and a computer with especially
designed video cards....The position of the eyes
is analyzed in three dimensions. This is performed
for the calculation of horizontal and vertical position
movements and deviations by the ‘‘black pupil
technique’’—that is, by infrared
measurement and localization of the individually calibrated
pupil. The difference in horizontal and vertical
position between both eyes gives the angle of deviation,
and the graph of these positions, measured all
0.02 seconds, leads to the horizontal and vertical
eye movements.
"....Illumination of each
eye was provided by three infrared LED sources
with a wavelength of 920 nm (intensity ,1 mW/
cm2). Torsional movements were sampled with a frequency
of 50 Hz. A measurement was taken every 0.02 seconds.
Thus, 3000 measurements for both torsion of the
right and left eye (cycloposition) could be obtained
during a measurement of 1 minute."
NHTSA eye science
"Nystagmus
device"
Early NHTSA eye science was done with the home made "nystagmus
device," shown in this figure [Tharp,
Burns, and Moskowitz. Development and Field Test of Psychological
Tests for DWI Arrests. NHTSA, U.S. Department of Transportation.
DOT Report HS-805-864. 1981, page 6, Figure 1] but,
other than the figure caption "Angles
are printed on the front of the device for easier reading,"
not described in the report.
The device seems to be, basically, a piece of cardboard
with a protractor glued to it.
Notice that the geometry is centered in the midline, somewhere
in front of the chin! With this setup the angle measurements
are wrong. Depending on undisclosed dimensions, a gaze-angle
read as 40 might actually have been 30 degrees.
Man with a pen
In later NHTSA eye science, eye position is "measured"
by a guy waving a pen around.
The 1981 lab experiment proved officers waving a pen are unable
to reproduce the angles measured by the Nystagmus Device.
Here, from Baloh RW, Furman JMR: Modern
vestibular function testing. West J Med 1989 Jan; 150:59-67,
is a list of available scientific eye
movement recording techniques.
Protractor glued to cardboard, and
guy waving pen are not listed.